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Veterinary Clinical Pathology May 2023
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Hematology; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 35297067
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13109 -
PloS One 2020Asymptomatic malaria infections may affect red blood cell (RBC) homeostasis. Reports indicate a role for chronic hemolysis and splenomegaly, however, the underlying...
Asymptomatic malaria infections may affect red blood cell (RBC) homeostasis. Reports indicate a role for chronic hemolysis and splenomegaly, however, the underlying processes are incompletely understood. New hematology analysers provide parameters for a more comprehensive analysis of RBC hemostasis. Complete blood counts were analysed in subjects from all age groups (n = 1118) living in a malaria hyperendemic area and cytokines and iron biomarkers were also measured. Subjects were divided into age groups (<2 years, 2-4, 5-14 and ≥15 years old) and clinical categories (smear-negative healthy subjects, asymptomatic malaria and clinical malaria). We found that hemoglobin levels were similar in smear-negative healthy children and asymptomatic malaria children but significantly lower in clinical malaria with a maximum difference of 2.2 g/dl in children <2 years decreasing to 0.1 g/dl in those aged ≥15 years. Delta-He, presenting different hemoglobinization of reticulocytes and RBC, levels were lower in asymptomatic and clinial malaria, indicating a recent effect of malaria on erythropoiesis. Reticulocyte counts and reticulocyte production index (RPI), indicating the erythropoietic capacity of the bone marrow, were higher in young children with malaria compared to smear-negative subjects. A negative correlation between reticulocyte counts and Hb levels was found in asymptomatic malaria (ρ = -0.32, p<0.001) unlike in clinical malaria (ρ = -0.008, p = 0.92). Free-Hb levels, indicating hemolysis, were only higher in clinical malaria. Phagocytozing monocytes, indicating erythophagocytosis, were highest in clinical malaria, followed by asymptomatic malaria and smear-negative subjects. Circulating cytokines and iron biomarkers (hepcidin, ferritin) showed similar patterns. Pro/anti-inflammatory (IL-6/IL-10) ratio was higher in clinical than asymptomatic malaria. Cytokine production capacity of ex-vivo whole blood stimulation with LPS was lower in children with asymptomatic malaria compared to smear-negative healthy children. Bone marrow response can compensate the increased red blood cell loss in asymptomatic malaria, unlike in clinical malaria, possibly because of limited level and length of inflammation. Trial registration: Prospective diagnostic study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Explorative cross-sectional field study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03176719.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asymptomatic Infections; Burkina Faso; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythrocytes; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Malaria; Male; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 33253198
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242507 -
American Journal of Hematology Feb 2019
Topics: Blood Cells; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Microscopy
PubMed: 29770476
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25145 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2023The host immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and defense mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to explore the different...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The host immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and defense mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to explore the different changes in the immune system between smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and smear-positive PTB patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 85 active PTB patients and 50 healthy adults were enrolled. The participants were divided into smear-negative PTB, smear-positive PTB, and control groups. Chest computed tomography (CT) and lymphocyte subgroup counts in peripheral blood were measured in all participants.
RESULTS
There were higher numbers of CD4 + T-cells, NK cells, and pulmonary cavities in the smear-positive PTB group, whereas the numbers of B-ells were significantly increased in the smear-negative PTB group.
CONCLUSIONS
Smear-negative PTB showed fewer pulmonary cavities, mild inflammatory response, lower numbers of immune cells, and higher numbers of B- cells.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Lymphocyte Subsets; Lymphocyte Count
PubMed: 37077075
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_72_21 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Accurate and early detection of anomalies in peripheral white blood cells plays a crucial role in the evaluation of well-being in individuals and the diagnosis and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Accurate and early detection of anomalies in peripheral white blood cells plays a crucial role in the evaluation of well-being in individuals and the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic diseases. For example, some blood disorders and immune system-related diseases are diagnosed by the differential count of white blood cells, which is one of the common laboratory tests. Data is one of the most important ingredients in the development and testing of many commercial and successful automatic or semi-automatic systems. To this end, this study introduces a free access dataset of normal peripheral white blood cells called Raabin-WBC containing about 40,000 images of white blood cells and color spots. For ensuring the validity of the data, a significant number of cells were labeled by two experts. Also, the ground truths of the nuclei and cytoplasm are extracted for 1145 selected cells. To provide the necessary diversity, various smears have been imaged, and two different cameras and two different microscopes were used. We did some preliminary deep learning experiments on Raabin-WBC to demonstrate how the generalization power of machine learning methods, especially deep neural networks, can be affected by the mentioned diversity. Raabin-WBC as a public data in the field of health can be used for the model development and testing in different machine learning tasks including classification, detection, segmentation, and localization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cell Nucleus; Child; Cytoplasm; Datasets as Topic; Deep Learning; Elementary Particles; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 35064165
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04426-x -
American Family Physician Feb 2016Bleeding and bruising are common symptoms in the primary care setting. The patient history can help determine whether the bruising or bleeding is abnormal. The... (Review)
Review
Bleeding and bruising are common symptoms in the primary care setting. The patient history can help determine whether the bruising or bleeding is abnormal. The International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis has developed a bleeding assessment tool that can be used to indicate possible pathology. A family history of bleeding problems may suggest a hereditary coagulation defect. Such a history is especially important in children who may not have experienced a major bleeding episode. Medication review can identify pharmacologic causes of the bleeding or bruising. Physical examination findings such as mucocutaneous bleeding suggest that the underlying condition is caused by platelet dysfunction, whereas hemarthroses or hematomas are more common in coagulopathy. If the history and physical examination findings suggest a bleeding diathesis, initial laboratory testing includes a complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). A normal PT and PTT indicate a platelet disorder, the most common of which is von Willebrand disease. A normal PT and prolonged PTT signal a deficit in the intrinsic pathway, and a mixing study should be performed. A vitamin K challenge is indicated in patients with an abnormal PT and normal PTT. A workup for liver failure is warranted in patients with prolonged PT and PTT. If initial testing does not reveal an etiology in a patient with a high suspicion for a bleeding disorder, the patient should be referred to a hematologist for additional evaluation.
Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Child; Hemorrhage; Humans; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 26926815
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Apr 2023Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are rare diseases characterized by reduced blood platelet counts and/or impaired platelet function. Recognizing IPDs is advisable but...
BACKGROUND
Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are rare diseases characterized by reduced blood platelet counts and/or impaired platelet function. Recognizing IPDs is advisable but often challenging. The diagnostic tools include clinical evaluation, platelet function tests, and molecular analyses. Demonstration of a pathogenic genetic variant confirms IPDs. We established a method to assess the platelet phenotype on blood smears using immunofluorescence microscopy as a diagnostic tool for IPDs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to validate immunofluorescence microscopy as a screening tool for IPDs in comparison with genetic screening.
METHODS
We performed a blinded comparison between the diagnosis made using immunofluorescence microscopy on blood smears and genetic findings in a cohort of 43 families affected with 20 different genetically confirmed IPDs. In total, 76% of the cases had inherited thrombocytopenia.
RESULTS
Immunofluorescence correctly predicted the underlying IPD in the vast majority of patients with 1 of 9 IPDs for which the typical morphologic pattern is known. Thirty of the 43 enrolled families (70%) were affected by 1 of these 9 IPDs. For the other 11 forms of IPD, we describe alterations of platelet structure in 9 disorders and normal findings in 2 disorders.
CONCLUSION
Immunofluorescence microscopy on blood smears is an effective screening tool for 9 forms of IPD, which include the most frequent forms of inherited thrombocytopenia. Using this approach, typical changes in the phenotype may also be identified for other rare IPDs.
Topics: Humans; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Thrombocytopenia; Platelet Function Tests; Fluorescent Antibody Technique
PubMed: 36732160
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.12.031 -
Blood Apr 2003
Topics: Adult; Blood Cells; Blood Platelet Disorders; Bone Marrow Examination; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Male; Photomicrography; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 12642341
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-01-0140 -
PLoS Computational Biology Aug 2021Manual microscopic inspection of fixed and stained blood smears has remained the gold standard for Plasmodium parasitemia analysis for over a century. Unfortunately,...
Manual microscopic inspection of fixed and stained blood smears has remained the gold standard for Plasmodium parasitemia analysis for over a century. Unfortunately, smear preparation consumes time and reagents, while manual microscopy is skill-dependent and labor-intensive. Here, we demonstrate that deep learning enables both life stage classification and accurate parasitemia quantification of ordinary brightfield microscopy images of live, unstained red blood cells. We tested our method using both a standard light microscope equipped with visible and near-ultraviolet (UV) illumination, and a custom-built microscope employing deep-UV illumination. While using deep-UV light achieved an overall four-category classification of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages of greater than 99% and a recall of 89.8% for ring-stage parasites, imaging with near-UV light on a standard microscope resulted in 96.8% overall accuracy and over 90% recall for ring-stage parasites. Both imaging systems were tested extrinsically by parasitemia titration, revealing superior performance over manually-scored Giemsa-stained smears, and a limit of detection below 0.1%. Our results establish that label-free parasitemia analysis of live cells is possible in a biomedical laboratory setting without the need for complex optical instrumentation. We anticipate future extensions of this work could enable label-free clinical diagnostic measurements, one day eliminating the need for conventional blood smear analysis.
Topics: Computational Biology; Deep Learning; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Erythrocytes; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Malaria, Falciparum; Microscopy, Ultraviolet; Neural Networks, Computer; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum
PubMed: 34370724
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009257 -
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology Dec 2022Platelets, along with coagulation factors and vasculature, represent the three main compartments of hemostasis. Upon investigation of a suspected hemostasis disorder,... (Review)
Review
Platelets, along with coagulation factors and vasculature, represent the three main compartments of hemostasis. Upon investigation of a suspected hemostasis disorder, platelet count, size and morphology often offer important clues to the diagnosis or help narrow the differential diagnosis. In this review, we describe a general approach to diagnosing platelet disorders, starting with easily obtained data such as findings of complete blood count (CBC) and microscopic review of a stained peripheral blood smear. We discuss general findings that help separate consumptive from underproduction thrombocytopenia. We further touch on inherited thrombocytopenia disorders after classifying them into those associated with small, normal sized or large platelets. Illustrative microscopic images are provided where contributory. We conclude with a suggested algorithmic step-by-step approach to investigating a suspected platelet disorder in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Blood Platelet Disorders; Thrombocytopenia; Blood Platelets; Hemostasis; Blood Coagulation Disorders
PubMed: 36591709
DOI: No ID Found